Ph.D. in American Studies : University of Paris VII
DEA graduate degree in Linguistics : University of Paris VII
Maîtrise (French M.A. in Anglophone Studies) : University of Paris III
CAPES (competitive) Teaching Diploma : University of Paris III
Licence (French B.A. in Anglophone Studies) : University of Paris III
Bachelor of Arts, French major : San Francisco State University
(junior year of study spent at Trinity College, Dublin)